A New Art Style

In December of 2025, I made a lengthy post about different art styles and recently I came across another style called metal art or repoussé and chasing described as follows:

Repoussé and chasing are two complementary, age-old metalworking techniques that work in tandem to sculpt malleable metal into three-dimensional relief designs. While they are distinct actions, they are almost universally used together on the same piece of metal—one pushes the material out from behind, and the other refines and details it from the front.

Repoussé: Pushing from the Back

The word repoussé is French for "pushed back." In traditional metalwork, an artisan takes a sheet of malleable metal (like copper, bronze, or silver), lays it face-down in a supportive pitch bowl, and uses hammers and rounded tools to beat the design into the metal from the reverse side.

In the context of your astrological art piece, repoussé is responsible for the raised relief elements:

• The structural lines and borders: The concentric circles, house divisions, and straight aspect lines crossing the center are "pushed outward" so they stand proud of the background.

• The glyphs and symbols: The planetary and zodiac symbols appear as three-dimensional, embossed shapes that rise off the surface of the colored sectors.

Chasing: Defining from the Front

Once the general shapes are pushed outward from behind, the metal sheet is flipped over so the artisan can work on the front side. Using specialized chisels, punches, and chasing hammers, the craftsman pushes the metal back down around the raised areas to sharpen them.

In your artwork, chasing is responsible for the definition and surface texture:

• Crisp edges: Chasing tools are used to outline the raised symbols and lines, giving them distinct, sharp boundaries against the background rather than soft, blobby edges.

• Hammered textures: Notice the organic, dimpled texture across the dark central field and within the colored zodiac boxes. In physical metalworking, this is achieved by repeatedly tapping the background metal with a planishing or chasing hammer to compress and texture the surface, making the smooth, raised elements pop by contrast.

Why It is Called an "Effect" Here

In digital art, describing a style as a "repoussé and chasing effect" means digitally simulating the physical physics of this craftsmanship. The rendering engine applies specific visual cues—such as metallic sheen, directional highlights on the top edges of the lines, deep cast shadows beneath the raised glyphs, and a hammered patina in the negative space—to transform a flat, two-dimensional chart into a heavy, tactile, sculptural piece of metalwork.

I applied the effect to an old monochrome photo using this prompt:

Can you apply a repoussé and chasing effect (metal wall art) to the attached image. The rather drab colours can be replaced with more vibrant ones and aethetic details added to clothing and background. Care should be taken to preserve the facial details of the person so that she remains clearly recognisable although liberties can be taken with the hair to create dramatic effect is appropriate. The details of the background are not important and can be replaced. Only the person is important. 

I was pleasantly surprised with the result:

I applied the effect to the person's natal chart and the result was also good. I used this prompt:Can you apply a repoussé and chasing effect (metal wall art) to the attached image. Be careful to preserve the glyphs and straight lines. Do NOT add any additional glyphs or lines.

Creaky!

I asked Gemini the following:

Can you explain the meaning of the Indonesian word "derit"? Can you also list words built on this root word and give an example of the use of the word for each item in the list. The example in Indonesian should be accompanied by its English translation. Any synonyms for derit should be identified and discussed.

Here is a breakdown of the Indonesian word "derit", its derivatives, and its synonyms.

Meaning of "Derit"

Derit is an onomatopoeic word (a word that mimics a sound). It refers to a creaking, squeaking, or grating sound caused by friction between two hard surfaces.

Common contexts include:

• Rusty door hinges moving.

• Old wooden floorboards being stepped on.

• Tires screeching against asphalt during sudden braking.

• Teeth grinding together.

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Derived Words and Usage Examples

Here are the most common words built from the root derit, along with examples.

1. Berderit (Verb)

• Meaning: To emit a creaking or squeaking sound. This is the most common form used to describe the action of the object making the noise.

• Example:

  Indonesian: "Pintu gerbang tua itu berderit keras ketika dibuka oleh penjaga."

  English: "The old gate creaked loudly when opened by the guard."

2. Menderit (Verb)

• Meaning: Similar to berderit, but often implies a sharper, more active, or higher-pitched sound. It is frequently used for high-speed friction, such as tires or metal.

• Example:

  Indonesian: "Ban mobil menderit di aspal saat sopir menginjak rem secara mendadak."

  English: "The car tires screeched on the asphalt when the driver slammed on the brakes."

3. Deritan (Noun)

• Meaning: The sound itself (the creak, the screech, or the squeal). It emphasizes the noise as an object.

• Example:

  Indonesian: "Deritan kursi kayu itu mengganggu konsentrasi saya saat belajar."

  English: "The creaking of that wooden chair disturbed my concentration while studying."

4. Berderit-derit (Reduplicated Verb)

• Meaning: To creak repeatedly or continuously.

• Example:

  Indonesian: "Tempat tidur itu berderit-derit setiap kali ia mengubah posisi tidurnya."

  English: "The bed creaked repeatedly every time he changed his sleeping position."

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Synonyms and Nuances

Indonesian has many specific words for sounds. While these can be synonymous with derit, they describe slightly different textures of sound:

Synonym	Specific Nuance
Keriut  Berkeriut	Very close to derit, but usually specific to the sound of wood or ropes twisting and straining (e.g., an old ship or a bamboo bridge).
Ciut  Menciat	A high-pitched squeak, usually lighter than a derit. Think of wet rubbershoes on a gym floor or a mouse squeaking.
Gemeretak   Gemeretuk	A clattering or grinding sound. This is often used for teeth chattering (gemeretuk gigi) or stones hitting together. It implies a harder, rocky texture than the friction of derit.
Dencing	A clink or tinkle, specifically for metal or glass. This is a clear, ringing s   sound,  unlike the harsh friction of derit.

Note: Do not confuse Derit (sound) with Derita (suffering). They are spelled similarly but have completely different roots and meanings.

I was a little confused about the use of the term "pintu gerbang" in the example earlier so I asked Gemini the following question:

In Indonesian, why say "pintu gerbang" for gate when "gerbang" means gate. It seems unnecessarily repetitive.

You have a very sharp eye for language! You are absolutely right—literally translated, "pintu gerbang" means "door gate," which sounds redundant.

However, in Indonesian logic, this construction follows a specific grammatical pattern called Head-Modifier (or Hukum D-M), and it serves a functional purpose.

Here is why Indonesians say "pintu gerbang" instead of just "gerbang":

1. Category + Specifics (The Classifier Rule)

Indonesian often places the general category (the "Head") first, followed by the specific type (the "Modifier").

• Pintu is the general category: Any opening meant for entry/exit.

• Gerbang is the specific type: A large, usually outdoor entrance.

By saying pintu gerbang, the speaker is essentially saying: "The type of door that serves as a main gate."

This is similar to other Indonesian phrases where the category is stated explicitly:

• Bunga mawar: "Rose flower" (instead of just Mawar).

• Pohon mangga: "Mango tree" (instead of just Mangga).

• Burung merpati: "Pigeon bird" (instead of just Merpati).

2. The Physical Barrier vs. The Archway

There is a subtle nuance regarding the physical object:

• Gerbang (on its own): Often refers to the entire structure or the archway itself. A gerbang can just be an open arch made of stone without any moving parts.

• Pintu Gerbang: Specifically refers to the movable barrier (the iron bars, the sliding wood) that closes that archway.

If you are struggling to push the heavy iron gate open, you are struggling with the pintu (the door mechanism) of the gerbang (the location).

3. Usage: Formal vs. Colloquial

• Formal/Complete: "Tolong kunci pintu gerbang itu." (Please lock that gate.)

• Colloquial: In daily conversation, people often drop the pintu because context makes it clear. You will frequently hear: "Gerbangnya sudah dikunci?" (Is the gate locked?)

English Comparison

English has similar "redundant" phrases that native speakers don't think twice about:

• "Tuna fish" (Tuna is already a fish).

• "Mount Fuji" (Fujisan actually means Fuji Mountain, so "Mount Fujisan" would be Mount Fuji Mountain).

• "PIN number" (Personal Identification Number number).

Summary

While gerbang alone is acceptable and understood, pintu gerbang is the precise term for the physical, movable barrier at the main entrance of a property.