Wednesday, 16 January 2019

Making Musical Progress


The reason my mathematical knowledge continues to expand is that I've gotten into the habit of analysing my diurnal age on a daily basis. It's one of the first things I do in the morning after breakfast. Usually I'll pick out a sequence in the OEIS (Online Encyclopaedia of Integer Sequences) that contains that number and also piques my interest. I'll investigate the mathematics involved and later I'll see if I can reproduce the sequence using SageMathCell. I often find additional information on Numbers Aplenty. The point is that this routine consistently introduces me to new mathematical concepts and improves my coding using SageMath.

However with music, even though I play most days, I tend to play the same old songs and, far less frequently, I'll learn a new song. Only very occasionally will I learn some new technique. I want to improve my playing and so I need to enforce some discipline on myself regarding my music. I should strive to learn a little bit every day. To that end I'm starting with Marco Cirillo's FINGERPICKING GUITAR IN 7 DAYS series of videos. Here's the first of his videos.

 

The same could approach could be applied to my chess playing. It would be nice to make a little progress each day by learning a new opening or endgame technique, finding out a little more about the history of the game or exploring one of the many variants of the game. I've certainly made progress in both my musical and chess proficiency since retiring but I can do better. However, back to the musical exercise:

Figure 1: music notation and tabs for first part of the exercise

Figure 2: music notation and tabs for second part of the exercise

Figure 3: music notation and tabs for third part of the exercise
I'll practise this exercise and then move on to his other videos.

Tuesday, 8 January 2019

Chess: A Personal History

I've just finished reading "The Immortal Game" by David Shenk. It's a brief history of chess set against the backdrop of the so-called Immortal Game played on June 21st  1851 in London between Adolf Anderssen (White), a famous player and informal world champion of the mid-19th century, and Lionel Kieseritzky (Black), another strong player of the day. It's an interesting approach: drip feeding the moves to the reader over the course of the various chapters while at the same time expatiating upon the historical, psychological and cultural aspects of chess in general.

A brief discussion of the moves involved in this famous game can be found on WikiBooks. Unfortunately for Kieseritzky, he died not long after playing this game. To quote from the book:
Kieseritzky ... would forever carry the moniker “Immortal Loser.” Upon returning home to Paris ... he was soon forced to fold his failing chess magazine as he struggled with his finances and his health. He died in a Paris mental hospital in 1853, just two years after his loss in the Immortal Game. He had no money to his name. No one in the chess world contributed to give Kieseritzky a decent burial. No one stood by his grave.
This got me thinking about my own chess history and I've chosen to document a little of my story here. Oddly, the story begins with my father when I was about eleven years of age. One day he decided that we should learn to play chess. I was agreeable. We went off in search of a former boarder in our house who was now living elsewhere but whom we remembered as having been a keen chess player. I can clearly remember him playing, some years before, against an opponent who was a boarder at my maternal grandparents' house. This would have been my earliest memory of a chess game.

My father and I never did find our former boarder. He had moved elsewhere. Regarding that other boarder who was English, he later returned to Britain but revisited Australia years later with an Irish bride in tow. By this time, I had learned to play chess and we played several games together when I was in my mid-teens. Back to the beginning and not long after our failed attempt to find the boarder, I somehow acquired a small fold-up chess set with magnetic pieces that included instructions as to how to move and thus I learned the basics of the game from this. My relationship with my father was never close and only worsened in my teenage years and I don't think he ever learned to play.

I can't remember the exact chronology but around 1964, the year that I was in Grade 10 of high school, I started to take the game very seriously. I purchased several books, amongst the first was Irving Chernev's "Logical Chess" of which I still have a physical copy. It's one of the very few books to survive from my youth. Up until the composition of this post, I'd not been able to find an electronic version of the book but happily I have now obtained one. It's been converted into algebraic notation whereas the original edition that I had used descriptive chess notation (P-K4 etc.). The latter was the most widely used notation in the 1960's and I found it quite difficult to adapt to the algebraic notation that came to dominant in the 1970's. It's as if my brain had been hard-wired with the classical notation but the algebraic to me lacked "magic". I felt there was something magical about 1. P-K4 whereas I felt nothing for 1. e4. Strange, I know, but there you have it.

There has been some criticism of Chernev's book in later years (read these forum comments on chess.com) but to me, at the time, it was a wonderful book and I pored over it in an effort to improve the quality of my play. My best friend at school also became interested in the game and during our remaining high school years we played a great many games. I subscribed to a chess magazine (the name of which eludes me) and I read other chess books including Lasker's "Common Sense in Chess" and "My System" by Aron Nimzowitsch. This was an exciting time for chess. Bobby Fischer's star was on the rise and the supremacy of the Soviet chess machine was being challenged.

Grandmaster Yuri Averbakh
During my year at University (1967), I remember watching a simultaneous exhibition by the well-known Russian grandmaster Yuri Averbakh. This was my first ever time seeing a grandmaster in action. He is still alive believe it or not, aged 96. I've included a photo of him here in his prime rather than one of him as he now looks. My friend from school also attended University but he was beginning to show signs of the paranoid schizophrenia that would overwhelm him in the early years of the next decade. His interest in chess was declining and I guess my initial enthusiasm had faded as well. I did play correspondence chess on and off for a couple of years in the early 70's which was quite tedious because a letter needed to be posted for each move. For most of the decade however, I just played in a desultory fashion.

For some reason, in the early 80's I joined a local chess club and enjoyed a brief flush of fame when our team headed off one evening to play a rival team. The team size was eight as I recall and we were comprehensively beaten 1.5 to 6.5 with all players beaten except for me, who secured a win with the white pieces playing a Ruy Lopez, and another team member who managed a draw. Not longer after that I headed off with my family to Britain and while travelling around there, my interest in the game was rekindled. I remember buying a copy of Reuben Fine's "Basic Chess Endings" and studying it very enthusiastically.

What I lacked over the years since my schooldays was a regular opponent and it was only between 1985 and 1987 that I become friends with a German guy who enjoyed chess and Stratego. On many Friday nights during that time, I would drop by his unit and we would enjoy wine and nibbles while playing firstly a few games of Chess before finishing up with a game of Stratego. I remember he bought what must have been at the time one of the first electronic devices capable of playing chess. I knew that the limitations of such devices were most glaring in the end game and so, on the few occasions that I played it, I usually managed to win by simplifying as quickly as possible into an advantageous end game. However, I much preferred my human antagonist and I have fond memories of that period and all the wine-sodden games that we played together.


At various times during my high school teaching career I've supervised school chess teams but that usually involved driving the students to the opposing team's venue or hosting the opposing team at our school. The students who signed up for the team could already play and I didn't really spend much time teaching them about chess. With the advent of computers and later smartphones, I played many desultory games against my electronic adversaries but it was only after retiring in 2015 that I found I had a lot of spare time and my enthusiasm for chess was rekindled. I became aware of the extensive resources available online for playing chess, improving one's level of play and just finding out more about the game in general. An interest in learning about the personalities and styles of the leading players of the day had characterised my early association with chess and now more than 50 years later, that same interest had been rekindled. I've come full circle.

Monday, 7 January 2019

Toroidal Chess

I'd heard about toroidal chess but thought such a game was rather silly because how could you practically play chess on a toroidal board. Even with magnetic pieces attached to a metallic toroidal board, playing comfortably would be almost impossible. It came as something of a revelation that this variant of chess could be played quite easily on a standard chess board.

Diagram 1
To see how, let's start with a cylinder chess which, as the name suggests, is played on a cylindrical board in which the left hand side of the board is joined to the right hand side. Here are some excerpts from what Wikipedia has this say about cylinder chess:

The game is played as if there is no edge on the side of the board. When a piece goes off the right edge of the board in cylinder chess, it reappears on the left edge; when a piece goes off the left edge, it reappears on the right edge (see Diagram 1) ... bishops are more valuable in this variant ... the game is sometimes played with changed rules for castling ... some cylinder chess problems allow moves that don't change the position (null moves). 

In Diagram 2 an example of such a problem is shown. The solution is to put Black in zugzwang by playing 1.Rh4-h4. Now, after any move by Black, White has a mate. The move 1.Rg4 doesn't work because of 1...Ka5 threatening to capture the rook on h6.


Diagram 2

It took me a while to understand what was happening in Diagram 2 but I eventually got it. Certainly it takes some getting used to. However, things getting far more difficult once the bottom of the board is joined to the top to create the torus. This also brings the White and Black back ranks up against each other, which necessitates a repositioning of the initial starting position of the pieces.

This revised starting position is shown in Diagram 3. Note that "in the starting setup, the rooks protect each other, while being threatened by the opponent's rooks. They are supported by the knights on the sides of the board, making their positions more defensible" . A reason for moving the Knight from its usual position is that if "the knight starts from its normal starting square, say g1 ... (then) moving through h1 to a1, it can then make the orthogonal move to a8, potentially taking a rook!" Further advice is to "watch out for diagonal attacks from pawns positioned on the side of the board" and to "note that the queens threaten the rooks at a1 and a8, making the rooks on that side of the board slightly less secure than the king's side rooks"(link).

Diagram 3
I should add that there is no castling and only pawns on the a, b, g, and h files can move two spaces on their first turn, and consequently, those are the only pawns that en passant can apply to. A piece cannot move eight spaces and wrap around to its starting position and be considered to have moved - all moves must change the board position. There seems to be a site where one can play toroidal chess on the Internet. I checked it out but there weren't any other online players at that time. There is another site where a wide variety of chess variants can be played, including Cylinder Chess and Fischer Random Chess but not apparently toroidal chess. The site seems to be quite active although I haven't tested it out.

I'm not all that keen to attempt to play either cylinder chess or toroidal chess. I find the conventional game demanding enough and there's something comforting about having all the action confined to the 64 checkered squares with rigid borders at the top and bottom, left and right. Once one or both of the borders are removed, the nature of the game seems to be fundamentally altered. It's interesting nonetheless and I was drawn to it via the mathematical problem of how many ways can two non-attacking amazons be placed on an n X n toroidal chess board. I wrote about this in a post to my mathematics blog titled The Mathematics of Chess.

Saturday, 8 December 2018

Playing Fritz

After a lengthy absence, I played an online game against Fritz on chessbase.com and was going fairly well up until move 29 when I blundered. It's been a while since I inserted a game into a blog and you need to practise these techniques or else you quickly forget. So here goes.
[White "Sean"] [Black "Fritz Club Level"] [Result "0-1"] [Termination "voodooguru23 resigned"] 1.Nf3 d5 2.e3 Nf6 3.c4 c6 4.d4 e6 5.Nc3 Nbd7 6.Be2 Nb6 7.b3 Nbd7 8.0-0 b6 9.Bb2 Bb4 10.Qc2 Bb7 11.Bd3 0-0 12.a3 Be7 13.b4 c5 14.bxc5 bxc5 15.cxd5 exd5 16.Rab1 c4 17.Be2 Qb8 18.Nd2 Qc7 19.e4 dxe4 20.Ndxe4 Bxe4 21.Nxe4 Nxe4 22.Qxe4 Rae8 23.Qc2 Bd6 24.g3 Rc8 25.Qc3 Rfe8 26.Bf3 Nf6 27.Rfe1 Rxe1+ 28.Rxe1 Rb8 29.Re2 Rb3
OK, looks like I've succeeded. Reviewing the game, I simply didn't see the black rook sweeping down to b3. However, if I'd taken the time to tuck my white-squared bishop into the fianchettoed pawn position that was already set up, I might have had a chance. As it turned out, I lost a piece outright and it was all over really. Even if I move the queen to e1 and threaten problems on the black's back rank, the move Qb8 is decisive. Ah well. I should keep practising and remember not to leave pieces completely undefended because they then become targets for attack. In this case, my queen was attacked and the undefended white bishop. I couldn't save both. Below is a continuation after I retracted my losing move and in which I manage to secure a draw by perpetual check. I should practise inserting comments into games as well.
[White "Sean"] [Black "Fritz Club Level"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] 1.Nf3 d5 2.e3 Nf6 3.c4 c6 4.d4 e6 5.Nc3 Nbd7 6.Be2 Nb6 7.b3 Nbd7 8.0-0 b6 9.Bb2 Bb4 10.Qc2 Bb7 11.Bd3 0-0 12.a3 Be7 13.b4 c5 14.bxc5 bxc5 15.cxd5 exd5 16.Rab1 c4 17.Be2 Qb8 18.Nd2 Qc7 19.e4 dxe4 20.Ndxe4 Bxe4 21.Nxe4 Nxe4 22.Qxe4 Rae8 23.Qc2 Bd6 24.g3 Rc8 25.Qc3 Rfe8 26.Bf3 Nf6 27.Rfe1 Rxe1+ 28.Rxe1 Rb8 29.Rc1 Qb6 30.Rc2 Qc7 31.Bc1 h6 32.Bg2 Re8 33.Be3 Qb8 34.Qxc4 Qb1+ 35.Rc1 Qb2 36.a4 Ng4 37.Rc2 Qa3 38.Rc3 Qb2 39.Rc2 Qb1+ 40.Rc1 Qb2 41.Rc2 Qb1+ 42.Rc1 Qb2 43.Rc2 Qa3 44.Rc3 Qb2 45.Rc2 Qb1+

Friday, 14 September 2018

SMS via Email

Who said you can't teach an old dog new tricks? I was vaguely aware that it was possible to send an SMS via Email but I'd never had the need to do so up until today and so I'd never tried. However, being in Indonesia and using a local mobile phone network provider, I found that I wasn't able to send an SMS to Australia for whatever reason.

It was then that I read of the possibility of sending an SMS via Gmail provided one knew the SMS Gateway email address of the service provider associated with the phone number. To find the service provider, I used 160.com.au (the interface is shown in Figure 1):

Figure 1
Once I entered the number, I discovered that the service provider was Optus. It was then just a question of finding the SMS Gateway address of Optus. For this I used email2sms.info as shown in Figure 2:


As can be seen, there's no need for the international code prefix and there's a reminder to add a 0 when omitting this. I then sent my SMS/Email via Gmail and the message was sent. Currently I'm waiting for a reply.

POSTSCRIPT: this is the message I got back from Gmail at 11am today (Saturday 15th of September). The original email was sent on Friday, 14th September 2018 at 10:36:38 (Jakarta time +0700):

Gmail will try for a couple more days but I'd say that the message is not going to go through.

POST-POSTSCRIPT: as anticipated, it didn't make it. Ah well, so it goes.

Thursday, 16 August 2018

IELTS and TOEFL

Recently my 15 year old granddaughter, an Indonesian citizen, was contemplating a course that prepared her to sit for an IELTS test. I thought it was time to remind myself what IELTS was all about. The following is copied from the website of the British Council that oversees the testing:
What is IELTS? 
The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is the world’s most popular English language proficiency test for higher education and global migration, with over 3 million tests taken in the last year. 
IELTS assesses all of your English skills — reading, writing, listening and speaking, and is designed to reflect how you will use English at study, at work, and at play, in your new life abroad. 
The IELTS test is developed by some of the world’s leading experts in language assessment. It has an excellent international reputation, and is accepted by over 10,000 organisations worldwide, including schools, universities, employers, immigration authorities and professional bodies. 
IELTS is the most widely accepted English language test that uses a one-on-one speaking test to assess your English communication skills. This means that you are assessed by having a real-life conversation with a real person. This is the most effective and natural way of testing your English conversation skills.
This led me to wonder what online resources were available to prepare students for the IELTS test. Not surprisingly, the British Council itself provides copious preparatory material. Here is a link to the site. In particular, there is an app that can be installed on a smartphone:




There are lots of podcasts on iTunes that cater to preparation for IELTS e.g. the IELTS PODCAST. There are also a great many YouTube videos available as well. Here is a relevant video with the highest view count (7.5 million):




There are a plethora of books, downloadable PDFs and websites that are available as well. The problem with the resources supporting the IELTS is not one of scarcity but of largesse. Which of them to choose? Here are links to just two of the many sites that offer suggestions in this regard:
Again the problem with these sorts of suggestions is that there are just so many of them. However, as the first of the two previous sites explains:
The best place to start studying for IELTS are the Cambridge IELTS series of books. These are past papers published by Cambridge. Because Cambridge designs the IELTS exam, you know the information in these books is 100% accurate, and the exam tasks are similar to the ones you will see on the real exam. 
These books are in a series, from Cambridge IELTS 1 all the way to Cambridge IELTS 11, which was just released earlier this year. Each book contains four complete IELTS Academic exams, each with Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing tests. There are also two General Training Reading and Writing tests as well. 
One of the best parts of these books is the answers to the writing task. At the back of the book there are sample answers for each Writing task. Some of these are high-scoring answers written by an examiner. Others are answers written by IELTS test-takers. These have a band score and comments by the examiner, to explain the score. 
You can buy these at bookshops in most countries or order them online. I recommend that you start with the most recent one–IELTS 11—and work your way backwards. Avoid IELTS 1 – 4. The test has been updated since then. While some of the material in these is useful, other materials are outdated and different from what you will see on the current exam.
Of course, the other popular English test is TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). As its website explains:
The TOEFL® Test Gives You an Advantage: Most Widely Accepted, Most Popular and Most Convenient Choice 

The TOEFL test is the most widely respected English-language test in the world, recognized by more than 10,000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries, including Australia, Canada, the U.K. and the United States. Wherever you want to study, the TOEFL test can help you get there. 
So which is to be preferred? The following site offers some help:


The site then goes on to explain:
The TOEFL and IELTS exams are fairly different, and therefore some people will find that they are naturally better suited for one than they are for the other. You probably want to know which test you should study for. But before we discuss their similarities and differences, remember that both IELTS and TOEFL are standardized tests. This means that, with some coaching and practice (like we have in the Magoosh TOEFL free trial), you can learn to do well on whichever exam you decide to take. Let’s talk more specifically about each exam… 
The TOEFL is a language test for non-native English speakers, and is commonly used as an entrance exam at universities and graduate schools. Because of this, the TOEFL offers only academic English. On the other hand, the IELTS offers an academic option as well as a general test; this is generally the preferred test for immigration purposes to the UK and Canada. 
The IELTS academic test and the TOEFL compared to the IELTS general test are both more difficult, but they are usually the only options if you want to study at any level higher than secondary school. No matter which test you take, be aware that the scores all expire 2 years after your test date. (And if you’re curious, you can see how the scores on the two exams compare here). 
When you compare the format of the IELTS with the TOEFL format, you will notice a couple of things. First of all, both of them have four basic sections, each of which tests a basic skill (reading, listening, speaking, writing). But while the TOEFL only tests academic subjects, the IELTS academic option will have academic reading and writing sections combined with general listening and speaking sections. Overall, the IELTS has more of a real-world feel than the TOEFL. Deciding how hard the TOEFL is versus the IELTS truly depends on your English background. 

Friday, 1 June 2018

Moodle4Mac

I finally got around to installing Moodle4Mac (version 3.5) once again on my MacBook Pro as well as the GIT tool for updating Moodle in the future. Using the latter, a double-click is all that is needed to get the newest Moodle without downloading the complete installation package anymore.

I still have my free online Moodle at MoodleCloud although I need to log in from time to time or else I get a warning that the site will be deleted. I've not made much use of it but I still like to maintain it.

I'd like to begin using my Moodle installation as an organisational tool to keep track of various projects that I'm embarked upon. In that way, I maintain familiarity with the interface and accomplish something practical at the same time.