Time for an update of my new Indonesian vocabulary. Let's start with a printed sign that was affixed to the backrest of a sofa in a coffee shop that I visited today.
NYENDER
I was initially confused by the splitting of dilarang into the two words di larang. I don't know why this was done. Google Translate rendered this as it is forbidden to lean. This was a surprise because there are signs in all malls asking mall rats not to lean against the glass. These are rendered as dilarang bersandar pada kaca and this translates as it is forbidden to lean against the glass. So where does nyender come from?
A question posed on this site asks what does nyender mean and the answer returned is that nyender comes from the root word sandar and nyender (bersandar) means to lean on. I gather this word is an example of bahasa Indonesia gaul or colloquial Indonesian. The word is listed on a site https://celotehbahasa.com/ (celoteh means babble) that has 104 learning modules, the last one being created only 14 hours ago.
It looks like a useful resource. The word is listed as meaning to lean but there is a confusing example of its usage attached, namely Itu ikan paling lagi nyender! Capek berenang!. Google Translate renders this as That's the most tender fish ever! Tired of swimming!". Make of that what you will. I think the first sentence is mistranslated and probably means that the fish is leaning (against the glass of the fishtank again) because it's tired of swimming.
ChatGPT has the following response to the query:
Can you explain what the word "nyender" means in the Indonesian language and give an example of usage?
I'm sorry, but as an AI language model, I cannot find a definition or any reference to the word "nyender" in the Indonesian language. It is possible that this word is a regional or colloquial term, or perhaps a misspelling or a slang term. If you could provide more context or information about the word, I would be happy to try to help you further.
However, it's response to this query was quite different:
Can you explain what the word "bersandar" means in the Indonesian language and give an example of usage?
Yes, "bersandar" is a verb in Indonesian that means "to lean on" or "to rest against". It is often used to describe the physical action of supporting oneself or an object by leaning on something else.
Here's an example of usage in a sentence:
Saya lelah, jadi saya bersandar pada tembok sejenak. (I'm tired, so I leaned against the wall for a moment.)
Another example:
Dia bersandar pada kursi sambil membaca buku. (He leaned on the chair while reading a book.)
In both examples, the verb "bersandar" is used to describe the action of leaning on something for support or comfort.
WARAS
This is an important word meaning sane and is the lawan kata of gila meaning crazy. The kata benda that derives from it is kewarasan meaning sanity. In a broader sense it can mean healthy in mind and body as in this example:
Saya tidak masuk kerja karena badanku kurang WARAS.
I didn't go to work because my body was not HEALTHY.
In this example we see a common occurrence in Indonesian with the use of kurang meaning less to suggest something like I didn't go to work because my body was (feeling) less than healthy. This sort of euphemism is common in English as well when we say I'm less than happy with your performance and mean I'm not happy with your performance.
KETIAK
This word means armpit but the word ketek is also used in Jakarta but ketiak is the more widespread term. This got me thinking about revising the words for body parts, starting with the head. Most of them I know but I'll list them all here for completeness.
- head - kepala
- forehead - dahi
- face - wajah
- eyes - mata
- eyelids - kelopak mata (kelopak means petals)
- eyelashes - bulu mata
- eyebrows - alis
- nose - hidung
- nostrils - lubang hidung
- mouth - mulut
- lips - bibir
- teeth - gigi
- tongue - lidah
- chin - dagu
- cheeks - pipi
- ears - telinga
- ear lobes - daun telinga (daun means leaf)
- hair - rambut
- neck - leher
- shoulder - bahu
- arm - lengan
- chest - dada
- stomach - perut
- hand - tangan
- fingers - jari tangan
- waist - pinggang
- hips - pinggul
- thigh - paha
- knee - lutut
- foot - kaki
- toes - jari kaki
Can you provide a list of names for various parts of the body in both English and Indonesian and Sanskrit?Sure, here's a list of names for various parts of the body in English, Indonesian, and Sanskrit:
- Head - Kepala - Shiras
- Hair - Rambut - Kesh
- Forehead - Dahi - Bhru
- Eyebrow - Alis - Bhrukuti
- Eye - Mata - Chakshu
- Ear - Telinga - Karn
- Nose - Hidung - Nasa
- Mouth - Mulut - Mukha
- Lips - Bibir - Oshta
- Teeth - Gigi - Danta
- Tongue - Lidah - Jihva
- Throat - Tenggorokan - Kantha
- Neck - Leher - Griva
- Shoulder - Bahu - Skandha
- Arm - Lengan - Bahu
- Elbow - Siku - Koorpara
- Wrist - Pergelangan tangan - Manibandha
- Hand - Tangan - Hasta
- Finger - Jari - Angushtha
- Chest - Dada - Uras
- Stomach - Perut - Udara
- Back - Punggung - Pristha
- Hip - Pinggul - Kati
- Buttocks - Pantat - Uru
- Leg - Kaki - Pada
- Thigh - Paha - Janu
- Knee - Lutut - Janu
- Calf - Betis - Jangha
- Foot - Kaki - Pada
- Toe - Jari kaki - Angushtha.
Note: The Sanskrit terms listed are transliterated from the Devanagari script and may vary slightly depending on the system of transliteration used.
Actually the Sankrit words above prompted me to ask the following of ChatGPT:
Can you provide a list of ten words that the Indonesian language has inherited from Sanskrit, listing the original Sankrit word and the (possibly) modified Indonesian form of the word?
Yes, here are ten words that the Indonesian language has inherited from Sanskrit, along with the original Sanskrit word and the modified Indonesian form:
- Agama - Agama: refers to religion; in Indonesian it refers to a particular religion or belief system, and the term "agama Hindu" is used to refer to Hinduism.
- Asana - Asana: refers to a yoga posture; in Indonesian, it refers to a physical exercise posture.
- Guru - Guru: refers to a teacher or master; in Indonesian, it refers to a teacher or instructor.
- Dewa - Deva: refers to a deity or god; in Indonesian, it refers to a divine being or spirit.
- Ratna - Ratna: refers to a precious stone or gem; in Indonesian, it refers to a precious or valuable object.
- Karya - Karya: refers to a work or creation; in Indonesian, it refers to a work of art or literature.
- Sari - Sari: refers to essence or extract; in Indonesian, it refers to a type of fabric or a condensed liquid.
- Mantra - Mantra: refers to a sacred utterance or chant; in Indonesian, it refers to a magical spell or incantation.
- Marga - Marga: refers to a family or clan name; in Indonesian, it refers to a surname or family name.
- Widyaiswara - Vidya-isvara: refers to a teacher or master of knowledge; in Indonesian, it refers to a teacher or trainer in a particular field of expertise.
Note: The Indonesian forms of these words may vary in spelling or pronunciation depending on their usage and context.
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