Wednesday 28 February 2018

The Internet Archive and WikiArt

I'm currently reading Marianne Faithfull's memories, dreams and reflections after accidentally stumbling across it on The Internet Archive while looking for the similarly named book by Carl Jung. I was able to borrow it through the Open Library for a two week period. Her autobiography titled Faithfull is also available there. Earlier I had been looking for James Bacque's Other Losses and not only found it on the Archive but was able to download an unencrypted copy rather than having to borrow it. I also discovered that a great many old 78 records have been digitised and placed on The Great 78 Project, also a part of the archive. So there's certainly a lot to discover.


Anyway, Marianne Faithfull's book is proving an interesting read. I know some of the characters who she interacted with: Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and many of her friends in the music business. Others however, I knew little or nothing about such as Caroline Blackwood and Lucian Freud. Here is a quote from the Wikipedia article about her:
Lady Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (16 July 1931 – 14 February 1996) was a writer, and the eldest child of the 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava and the brewery heiress Maureen Guinness. A well-known figure in the literary world through her journalism and her novels, Caroline Blackwood was equally well known for her high-profile marriages, first to the artist Lucian Freud, then to the composer Israel Citkowitz and finally to the poet Robert Lowell, who described her as "a mermaid who dines upon the bones of her winded lovers". Her novels are known for their wit and intelligence, and one in particular is scathingly autobiographical in describing her unhappy childhood.
Lucian Freud, Girl in Bed, 1952

Regarding the above photo: Robert Lowell (in 1977) fled London to return to his former wife Elizabeth Hardwick. He died from a heart attack in the backseat of a taxi, clutching Girl in Bed, Lucian Freud's haunting portrait of Caroline (as related by Marianne Faithfull). A biography has written titled Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood by Nancy Schoenberger. Of Lucian Freud, the Wikipedia entry begins:
Lucian Michael Freud (8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draftsman, specialising in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century portraitists. 
He was born in Berlin, the son of Jewish architect Ernst L. Freud and the grandson of Sigmund Freud. His family moved to Britain in 1933 to escape the rise of Nazism. From 1942-43 he attended Goldsmiths College, London. He enlisted in the Merchant Navy during the Second World War. 
His early career as a painter was influenced by surrealism, but by the early 1950s his often stark and alienated paintings tended towards realism. Freud was an intensely private and guarded man, and his paintings, completed over a 60-year career, are mostly of friends and family. They are generally sombre and thickly impastoed, often set in unsettling interiors and urban landscapes. The works are noted for their psychological penetration and often discomforting examination of the relationship between artist and model. Freud worked from life studies, and was known for asking for extended and punishing sittings from his models.
 Below is a photo of the two of them together:


There are 283 paintings by Lucian Freud on view at https://www.wikiart.org. It is an impressive oeuvre. Here is a self-portrait from the collection:


This excerpt from the Wikipedia article is interesting:
Freud painted from life, and usually spent a great deal of time with each subject, demanding the model's presence even while working on the background of the portrait. A nude completed in 2007 required sixteen months of work, with the model posing all but four evenings during that time; with each session averaging five hours, the painting took approximately 2,400 hours to complete. A rapport with his models was necessary, and while at work, Freud was characterised as "an outstanding raconteur and mimic". Regarding the difficulty in deciding when a painting is completed, Freud said that "he feels he's finished when he gets the impression he's working on somebody else's painting". Paintings were divided into day paintings done in natural light and night paintings done under artificial light, and the sessions, and lighting, were never mixed.
An artist friend of Lucian, Francis Bacon, is mentioned in the https://www.wikiart.org site but unfortunately no artwork is shown due to a copyright infringement notice. However, even though he died in April of 1992, he has a dedicated website where his paintings can be reviewed. I must say I was unimpressed by what I viewed there.

Saturday 24 February 2018

CHESS: An Unlikely Win

Visiting chess.com for the first time and registering, I was tinkering around the site when I accidentally found myself in a 5 minute game against a human. I thought I was playing against a chess engine. I wasn't familiar with the interface and so I was only aware of my opponent's remaining time, which I thought was referring to me. It was only as a time flashed in red at the bottom of my screen that I realised I had only seconds remaining. Luckily and remarkably I managed a checkmate. My opponent still had over two minutes remaining on the clock. It's not a great game and the checkmate could have been easily averted had my opponent blocked with the Knight and not the Bishop. Nonetheless, it boosted my meagre confidence as my rating soared from the default starting value of 1200 to 1362! I'm inclined to take on some more human opponents and see if I can further improve my rating.

The chess.com website stores your games and allows for the game to be downloaded as a PGN file. It's remarkable to think how much chess has changed since I played correspondence chess by mail in the late 60's and early 70's. I used to receive a chess magazine in the mail and that was my sole source of information about what was happening in the world of chess. Now there is live streaming of every major tournament and there are hundreds of chess sites to choose from. Here is the game:
hite "michaelgould321"] [Black "voodooguru23"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "C50"] [WhiteElo "1038"] [BlackElo "1362"] [TimeControl "300"] [EndTime "4:26:10 PST"] [Termination "voodooguru23 won by checkmate"] [CurrentPosition "r4r2/pp3ppk/2p3b1/n3p3/4P2P/q2P4/2PNQP2/1BKR3R w - - 0 22"] 1.e4 {[%clk 0:04:58]} e5 {[%clk 0:04:57]} 2.Nf3 {[%clk 0:04:56]} Nc6 {[%clk 0:04:54]} 3.Bc4 {[%clk 0:04:49]} d6 {[%clk 0:04:45]} 4.d3 {[%clk 0:04:39]} Nf6 {[%clk 0:04:37]} 5.a3 {[%clk 0:04:38]} Be7 {[%clk 0:04:31]} 6.Be3 {[%clk 0:04:36]} O-O {[%clk 0:04:28]} 7.Nbd2 {[%clk 0:04:33]} Bg4 {[%clk 0:04:14]} 8.h3 {[%clk 0:04:30]} Bh5 {[%clk 0:04:10]} 9.g4 {[%clk 0:04:25]} Bg6 {[%clk 0:04:07]} 10.Qe2 {[%clk 0:04:22]} h6 {[%clk 0:04:00]} 11.O-O-O {[%clk 0:04:21]} Na5 {[%clk 0:03:34]} 12.Ba2 {[%clk 0:04:14]} c6 {[%clk 0:03:20]} 13.Rhg1 {[%clk 0:04:10]} d5 {[%clk 0:03:00]} 14.g5 {[%clk 0:04:04]} hxg5 {[%clk 0:02:50]} 15.Nxg5 {[%clk 0:04:00]} Nh7 {[%clk 0:02:08]} 16.Nxh7 {[%clk 0:03:50]} Kxh7 {[%clk 0:01:55]} 17.Rh1 {[%clk 0:03:36]} d4 {[%clk 0:01:34]} 18.Bxd4 {[%clk 0:03:16]} Qxd4 {[%clk 0:00:44]} 19.h4 {[%clk 0:03:06]} Bxa3 {[%clk 0:00:13]} 20.bxa3 {[%clk 0:02:56]} Qa1+ {[%clk 0:00:08]} 21.Bb1 {[%clk 0:02:54]} Qxa3# {[%clk 0:00:05]} 0-1

Thursday 22 February 2018

CHESS: THE MARSHALL ATTACK

An article on ChessBase alerted me to a recent twitter post by Julian Assange containing a screenshot of a chess position. Here is the diagram:


It didn't take someone long to identify the provenance of this position. It's from a 1918 game between Jose Raul Capablanca and Frank Marshall and shows the position at the end of the 24th move. The full game is displayed at the bottom of this post (for some reason the names are not being displayed: Capablanca is White). I located the game at chessgames.com, a site that with an impressive database of games that is freely accessible and downloadable. I've registered on this site and look forward to accessing more games. There is a premium membership option but I'll be exploring the free options.

Here is an excerpt about the so-called Marshall Attack that was employed in this game, taken from Wikipedia from the Wikipedia article about the Ruy Lopez.
One of Black's more aggressive alternatives is the Marshall Attack: after 3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 Black plays the gambit 8...d5, sacrificing a pawn. The main line begins with 9.exd5 Nxd5 (9...e4?!, the Herman Steiner variation, is considered weaker) 10.Nxe5 Nxe5 11.Rxe5 c6 (Marshall's original moves, 11...Nf6, and 11...Bb7 are considered inferior, but have also yielded good results at top levels of play for Black. GM Joel Benjamin suggests that 11...Bb7 is inferior due to 12.Qf3).   
To the casual observer it might seem that Black has been careless and lost a pawn; however the sacrifice has also stripped White's kingside of its defenders, given Black a lead in development, and rendered White's 8.c3 irrelevant. Since Black's compensation is based on positional rather than tactical considerations, it is difficult or perhaps impossible to find a refutation. Black generally goes all-in with a massive kingside attack, which has been analysed to great depth (sometimes beyond move 30) with no definite conclusion as to the Marshall's soundness. The Marshall Attack is a very sharp opening system in which a great amount of theoretical knowledge is vital, and many White players, including Garry Kasparov, avoid it by playing one of the anti-Marshall systems, 8.d4, 8.a4 or 8.h3 instead of 8.c3. 
This gambit became famous when Frank James Marshall used it as a prepared variation against José Raúl Capablanca in 1918; nevertheless Capablanca found a way through the complications and won. It is often said that Marshall had kept this gambit a secret for use against Capablanca since his defeat in their 1909 match. The most common counterclaim is that Marshall had used a similar approach in 1917 against Walter Frere. However Edward Winter found no clear evidence of the date for Frere vs Marshall; several games between 1910 and 1918 where Marshall passed up opportunities to use the Marshall Attack against Capablanca; and an 1893 game that used the same line as in Frere vs Marshall. 
Improvements to Black's play were found (Marshall played 11...Nf6!? originally, but later discovered 11...c6!) and the Marshall Attack was adopted by top players including Boris Spassky, John Nunn and more recently Michael Adams. In the Classical World Chess Championship 2004, challenger Peter Leko used the Marshall to win an important game against World Champion Vladimir Kramnik. Currently, Armenian Grandmaster Levon Aronian is one of the main advocates for the Marshall Attack.
[Event "New York"] [Site "New York, NY USA"] [Date "1918.10.23"] [EventDate "1918.10.23"] [Round "1"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Jose Raul Capablanca"] [Black "Frank James Marshall"] [ECO "C89"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "71"] 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5 9.exd5 Nxd5 10.Nxe5 Nxe5 11.Rxe5 Nf6 12.Re1 Bd6 13.h3 Ng4 14.Qf3 Qh4 15.d4 Nxf2 16.Re2 Bg4 17.hxg4 Bh2+ 18.Kf1 Bg3 19.Rxf2 Qh1+ 20.Ke2 Bxf2 21.Bd2 Bh4 22.Qh3 Rae8+ 23.Kd3 Qf1+ 24.Kc2 Bf2 25.Qf3 Qg1 26.Bd5 c5 27.dxc5 Bxc5 28.b4 Bd6 29.a4 a5 30.axb5 axb4 31.Ra6 bxc3 32.Nxc3 Bb4 33.b6 Bxc3 34.Bxc3 h6 35.b7 Re3 36.Bxf7+ 1-0

Thursday 1 February 2018

Musical Progress

2018 is shaping up to be a year where I make some decisive improvement in my grasp of musical theory and proficiency in playing the guitar. I've began with the minor pentatonic scale which the beginning point for everybody and have been practising consistently. I've found Pinterest to be quite useful in providing musical diagrams as shown below:


I've since moved on to the minor blues scale which is just the minor pentatonic with an extra note added, as shown below:


Taking the G minor pentatonic scale as an example (that's the one shown in the first diagram), we have the following five note sequence from one G to the next octave: 

G - Ab - A - Bb - B - C - Db - D - Eb - E - F - F# - G

For the G minor blues scale (shown above), we have the following six note sequence from one G to the next (a C# is added):

G - Ab - A - Bb - B - C - Db - D - Eb - E - F - F# G

The ratio of one note's frequency to the next note's frequency is constant which leads to some interesting mathematics. I won't deal with that here because I realised I haven't put the necessary code into this blog's template, instead I discuss it in my mathematical blog.

The notes of the pentatonic scale can be remembered in a variety of ways and one way is to draw on the circle of fifths for help. The circle of fifths is represented as follows:


Let's look at the Gm on the inner rim of the circle. All of the notes of the minor pentatonic scale for G can be found by starting here and moving outward to the next note Bb then across to C, back to inside Dm and out to F. This gives G, Bb, C, D, F. Let's try with the scale for Am. Using the same route we get A, C, D, E, G. Again with Em, we get E, G, A, B, D.